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OLD WHEN THE LEGIONS AND REFORM OF ELVIS PRESLEY

Among other reasons, Rome built its global dominance in his militia, the Roman legions, the best army in ancient times. A body of men skilled in the art of war extremely disciplined under the command of generals able both to lead their armies in the field of battle as you lead the people from the Senate or the elections.

In the early and middle stage of the Republic, men who were the legions were Roman citizens landowners, that is, each man had paid their gear for battle, which greatly hindered the military levies, and not all citizens of Rome had enough money to enlist in the legions. Given day the year was held a meeting on Capitol Hill in which the military legacies soldiers recruited men between 16 and 45 owners. In turn, Rome required its Italian allies (Marsi, Samnites, etc.) to submit the auxiliary armies that accompany the Romans.

Continuous wars of expansion that Roma faced caused the depletion of this mode of recruitment. Compounding the situation, the male population of working age was diminished so that there were no men to work the lands of Rome, which at one time or another caused food crisis and led to the emergence of wealthy landowners who exploited the country with slave labor for profit. At the end of s.II BC, during the war against Numidia, the consul Gaius Marius (later known as the third founder of Rome) got the Senate approve the possibility of recruiting for the legions of the known as "Captain Censi "or Head Count. The Head Count it all Roman citizens were non-owners who did not have enough annual income to be able to vote at centuries. All materials needed to battle the Roman treasure would pay and salaries. In this way, Rome professionalize its army. In addition, Mario led also a law that once you leave the troops, gives each Legionnaire land ownership in the various Roman provinces. These measures had an immediate success driving new conquests and kill two birds with one stone. Eventually, the unconditional adherence of the legionaries to the respective commanding generals who lead them civil wars if AC

In the tactical aspect, a legion consisted usually of about 4,200 men, divided into 60 centuries. Two centuries were a manipulator. Each century was led by a centurion and under his leadership, an optio. And it had a standard bearer, a bugler and a depositary password. In front of the Legion (understood as a military unit) were six tribunes (not be confused with the tribunes of the people) and three legacies of more experience under the direct orders of the Consul / general.

were four types of legionnaires. The "hastati" (first line) and the "princeps" (second line) were the infantry and the main army. In the rear, were the "triarii", a group of army veterans. The last group was composed of the velites play a role harassing the enemy, acted in a more dispersed and free than the rest Legionnaires. The first two were equipped by the famous short sword (gladius hispaniensis ") intended to make cuts rather than endlessly useless when attacking large espadazo in formation, and two spears known as" pilum. " The triarios replaced the "stack" for a much longer throws in imitation of the Greek phalanx. While the velites only weapons were a series of lighter than spears of the infantry to fulfill their missions. On the defensive, the legionnaires had a helmet, shield larger or smaller depending on the type, bracers, greaves and breastplate or chain mail.

As support forces, the flanks of the infantry, cavalry stood composed of men with greater economic power. The legions also relied on instruments of harassment and battering rams, catapults and crossbows.

But Marius, not only introduced reforms in the political sphere as seen above, but set far-reaching changes in the military itself. Mario

out the distinction between the bulls, the triarios and "princeps", equipping them all in the same way, and eliminated the kind candles that became part of the auxiliary troops. As the unit was replaced by the handpiece cohort and increase the number to form a century from 60 to 80. Since then, a legion would consist of ten cohorts numbered from the I to X.

to Mario, the legions marched always accompanied by a large convoy carrying everything needed for campaigns. This convoy was easy and tempting prey for the enemy. Mario arranged for each Legionnaire to take responsibility for their basic equipment. The legionnaires carried two sticks in a cross on his shoulder hanging, for example, molting, socks, water bottle, food rations and camping tools. The shield is held him behind his back like a backpack. Eight men had a mule he was carrying, among others, the leather shop, spears and supplementary food supplies. These changes led to a march much lighter army up to 50km. in a day. Be known as "mules Mario."

In this great video of the series "Rome" of the BBC you can see how was the head of an army led by a centurion. Mindful of respite:

Finally, the first part of a video really illustrative of the Legion and his team:

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MARIO

"From Tupelo, Mississippi, from Memphis, Tennessee, arrived dressed in a suit womanizer green sharkskin, with eye shadow makeup (a dandy hat that was played on skin behaving like a black and dressed like a gay). not talking about New York. Not even in New Orleans, talk about Memphis in the fifties. It was punk rock. It was rebellion. Elvis changed everything, musically, sexually, politically. I met everything, everything was there, in the elasticity of that body and voice. As changed shape, the world changed with it.

It was a style icon of the fifties which brought all the things that the sixties were able and, suddenly, no longer. In the seventies, became famous in a blood sport, but, curiously, the most advanced in the destruction of his own myth, grew more divine status which he enjoyed among his fans. In his recent performances deployed a voice more impressive than ever, making mourn as the messiah of music left her tired heart on stage, transforming the casino in a temple. Elvis is in the embryo of rock & roll . Greatness. Sexual liberation. The controversy. Changing the way people see the world of others.

was barely conscious when I saw the special with her back in 68. I was eight years, which in a sense is an advantage. Did not have enough critical faculties to be divided into different categories the different Elvis, or realize its contradictions. What I expect from the guitar, drums and bass and was in Elvis. A modest artist by the distance that separated him from the public, a comparable sex only with their yearning for divine instruction.

But what was more difficult to explain this form of dance: the hips to sway from Europe to Africa, which is just what America is, I suppose. For an Irish child, the voice might explain the attraction of the United States, but the dance explained the energy of the new world that was about to boil and blanch them all with new ideas about race, religion, fashion, love and peace. Ideas were bigger than the man who broke the ice to make way, ideas that would later devour. Elvis the Pelvis was , one hand in the blues and the other in the gospel, that is the essence of rock & roll with a flash of light running through the spine, electroshock therapy for a generation about to refuse to go numb.

I recently met with Coretta Scott King, John Lewis and others U.S. leaders of the movement for civil rights, and I recalled the cultural apartheid against which lifted the rock & roll . I think your task would have been much more difficult had it not been for racial raids of black music in white popular culture. The Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Creedence ... were interested in the blues through Elvis. Was doing what he demanded the civil rights movement: breaking down barriers. Nobody thinks of Elvis as a political activist, but what he did was political: it changed the way we perceive the world.

In the eighties I went to U2 to Memphis at Sun Studio, where we work with the engineer Sound of Elvis, Cowboy Jack Clement. He opened the studio so we could record some issues between the same four walls where had recorded "Mystery Train" . It was a small place, but the sound came with a peculiar clarity, the same you hear on those records. The king still did not know what it was. It is a music obsessive, creepy. Elvis does not know where to take his train, so we want to be passengers. Jerry Schilling, one of the "mafia" in Memphis that did not sell, I told a story about the time he lived at Graceland. When Elvis was upset, went down to a small gym where he had a piano. There, alone, always chose the gospel, lost and found himself in the spiritual music. But he did not stay in the shelter long enough. The self-loathing was waiting back home, where Elvis was caught firing on TV, with the Bible open beside the page ode to the love of San Pablo.

Some say it was the army, others were Hollywood or Las Vegas you emotionally shattered. The world of rock & roll did not like to see their King following orders. In my opinion, the fault was probably his marriage or his mother (or a previous trauma, such as having lost his twin at birth). Or perhaps only due the big ass of fame that he sat on it. Still, Elvis ate America before America will devour him. "

Bono - U2 Singer